The article shows that change, globalization of knowledge orients the transition to the new economy in modern times, economic structures and transformations take place through technological development. Also in the article are dealt with new problems related to a model of the industrial sector in Romania to advance the knowledge economy. In the new economy, however, it is possible that public policies themselves represent primary factors inducing malfunctions in the markets as long as the contents of their strategic and tactical is not relational and indicative consistent in new forms of production/reproduction economic as is looming industrial sectors of tangible resources when the outside world is moving towards intangible operational structure.

This article examines the effects of institutional characteristics on public health service delivery under decentralisation in rural Tanzania. It adopted a cross sectional design to examine institutional characteristics and its effects on health service delivery at Pangani and Urambo Local Government Authorities (LGAs). Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed; primary data were collected by using interviews, questionnaires, FGDs and observation. The study established that, the instructional characteristics impaired significantly the decentralisation initiatives for improved health service delivery in the rural areas in Tanzania. Institutional characteristics, legal frame work, systems and administrative structures were the main hindrance in the implementation of decentralisation for improved health services and its delivery. The institutional effects resulted to poor health service delivery infrastructures in terms of equipments availability, drugs and medicines, health workers, distance, delayed service, time management, lack of accountability and transparency. The study recommends a review of the existing framework, administrative systems, structures and processes and human resource capacity building.

Issues related to “good” governance of multiple risks (natural, technological, market, institutional, political, international) in various supply and distribution chains are among the most topical and posing serious challenges to sustainable development. This paper presents a holistic framework for analyzing the system of risk governance in agri-food supply and distribution chains, and give insights on major challenges and opportunities related to sustainable food security. Most risks management studies and practices in the agri-food chains predominately focus on technical methods and capability to perceive, prevent, mitigate, and recover from diverse risks. In mainstream economic publications risks are usually studied as “another commodity” regulated by market supply and demand, and farmers and agribusiness agents “willingness to pay” for an insurance contract modelled. At the same time, risk management analysis largely ignore significant “human nature” (individual, agency, state) based risks (due to bounded rationality, opportunism, conflicting interests, bad management), and large risks related to food distribution and access, and critical factors for managerial choice (institutional environment, transaction costs), and diversity of alternative (market, private, collective, public, hybrid) modes of risk governance. We incorporate interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioural and Political Sciences) and present a comprehensive framework for analyzing risk governance in agri-food supply and distribution chains. First, we specify diverse (natural, technical, behavioural, economic, institutional, policy, international) type of agri-food risks, and (market, private, public, hybrid, international) modes of their management. Second, we define efficiency of risk management and identify (personal, institutional, dimensional, technological, natural, transnational) factors of governance choice. Third, we present stages in analysis of risk governance and for improvement of public (state, international) intervention in risk management. Finally, we identify major opportunities and challenges for risk governance in agri-food supply and distribution chains at the current stage of development.

The case study research is mainly concerned with implementation of supply chain strategy through discussion of IKEA’s strategic business purpose. Thus, the case intends to analyze supply chain management and competitive strategy applicable to IKEA. It has been observed how the worldwide leader in furniture retailing gapped through imperatives and innovations and still expanding by shaping best practice of business processes.

Automotive industry has become one of the most contributing industries to an economy, including Indonesia. Therefore, factors affecting it are carefully being identified. In this quantitative study, the researcher would like to analyze the influence of several economic factors. There are crude oil price, consumer confidence, exchange rate and gros domestic bruto (GDP) growth rate toward sales number of automotive industry. In this study, the researcher uses case study of PT. Toyota Astra Motor (PT. TAM) as representative from Indonesia’s automotive industries. The total observation is 84 observations, derived from 7 years on monthly basis. This research uses multiple regression analysis to analyze the influence. The result of this study is that crude oil price, consumer confidence, exchange rate and GDP growth rate have positive significant influence toward sales number altogether. The most significant factor is exchange rate. All of the factors are found out to influence sales number by 78.8% while other remaining 21.2% of sales number is influenced by other factors outside the regression model.

In 1997, the Korean government enacted the Venture Special Act to designate ventures and to provide various supports in finance, tax, human resources and R&D. As a result, the number of ventures reached 31,260 as of the end of 2015. Although ventures are still concentrated in the Seoul, the capital city metropolitan area, the growth of regional ventures is significant, and thus it is forecasted that their share in regional economies will increase. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the differences of the birth and survival of ventures in each region and industry, and to identify the characteristics that affect those differences. According to the analytical results, Korean government should make policies to encourage each megacity, province and metropolitan economic block to have variety of industries, rather than having them specialize in a particular sector.